人教必修1·第1单元·重难点详解(03)　　■本站特约作者 陈根花 供稿5. go without sb 应如何理解？【教材原句】　　You will go without your friend. (p.1)　　译文：你会不等你的朋友自己先去。【用法说明】　　go without sb的字面意思是“没有同某人一起去”，但在句子中往往需要视具体语境来理解和翻译，如译为“不等某人而先走”“不带某人一起去”等。如：　　He failed to show up, so we went without him. 他没来，所以我们就自己走了。　　Are you ready? If not, I’m going without you. 准备好了吗? 要不，我就自己去了。　　I don’t mind your going without me. 你不带我一块儿去，我并不介意。　　You always go without me and I’d rather you didn’t. 你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。　　I wouldn't dream of going without you (= I would never go without you). 你不去，我也绝不去。　　Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him? 如果他不来，是不是不带他去? 　　Max and Jake were invited, but Max was ill, so Jake went without him. 马克斯和杰克受到邀请。但马克斯病了，所以杰克去了，马克斯没有去。　　【相关归纳】　　go without sth的用法：　　(1) 表示“不要某物而将就着过日子”。如：　　She went without sleep for three days. 她三天没睡觉了。　　The family went without food all day. 全家人整天没有吃东西。　　(2) 表示“没有……而……”（翻译时需视具体语境而定）。如：　　She went without a backward glance. 她头也没回地走了。　　The whole show went without a hitch. 整场演出进行得非常顺利。　　I had to go without breakfast this morning as I was in a hurry. 我今早很匆忙，只好不吃早饭了。　　Off she went without so much as (= without even) a “goodbye”. 她甚至没“再见”都没有说一声就走了。　　6. help sb do sth 与 help sb to do sth 有区别吗？【教材原句】You will help your friend clean the bicycle so you can leave early. (p.1)译文：你会帮你的朋友擦洗自行车，以便可以早点去。【用法说明】help sb do sth与help sb to do sth均可表示“帮助某人做某事”，两者常可通用——即其中的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。如：　　We helped her (to) find her things. 我们帮她找东西。　　I helped him (to) repair his bike. 我帮他修自行车。　　Mother helped me (to) do my homework. 妈妈帮助我做家庭作业。　　Will you help me (to) choose myself a new coat? 请你帮我选件新大衣好吗？ 　　Can anyone help me (to) fill in this tax form? 有谁能帮我填写税单吗?　　When she fell, a friend rushed to help her (to) get up. 她摔倒时，一个朋友冲上前把她扶起来。　　注：即使其中的 sb 不出现也是如此。如：　　He helped (to) do the work. 他帮助做这工作。　　She helped (to) organize the party. 她帮忙组织晚会。　　This should help (to) reduce the pain. 这个应该会有助于减轻疼痛。　　【几点注意】　　(1) 若 help 之后接一个较长的名词词组作宾语，或当其中的不定式所表示的动作主语不直接参加时，不定式通常要带 to。如：　　These tablets will help you to sleep. 这些药片将对你的睡眠有帮助。　　Help the little boys at the back of the hall to carry the chairs out. 请帮大厅后面那些小男孩把椅子搬出去。　　(2) 若help本身为被动语态，则其后不定式习惯上要保留to。如：　　Millie was helped to overcome her fear of flying. 米利被帮助克服了她的飞行恐惧。　　The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins. 那男孩由一个女人帮他捡拾散一地的钱币。　　(3) 若help sb to do sth中的不定式为否定式（即用于help sb not to do sth）时，其中的不定式符号to习惯上要保留。如：　　How can I help my children not to worry about their exams? 我怎样才能帮助我的孩子们不为他们的考试着急呢?　　(4) 其中的不定式通常为主动式，但偶尔也可以是被动式（尽管比较少见）。如：　　I’m sure this treatment will help him (to) be cured. 我相信这种治疗将有助于他痊愈。　　【问题补充】英语可以说 help sb doing sth 吗？　　表示帮助某人做某事，英语有时可说 help sb in doing sth，且其中的in有时可以省略，所以说 help sb doing sth 是可以的。如：　　I need contacts that couldhelp in finding a job. 我需要能帮我找到工作的社会关系。　　He helped her carrying her shopping home. 他帮她把买的东西提回家。　　 说明:引用此文请注明出处,并请保留该文章链接地址,谢谢~~