阅读理解
Wemayallhavehadtheembarrassingmoment:Gettinghalfwaythroughastoryonlytorealizethat
we'vetoldthisexacttalebeforetothesame person.Whydo we make such memorymistakes?
AccordingtotheresearchpublishedinPsychologicalScienceitmayhavetodowiththewayour
brainsprocessdifferenttypesofmemory.
ResearchersNigelGopieoftheRotmanResearchInstituteinTorontoandColinMacleodofthe
UniversityofWaterloodividedmemoryintotwokinds.Thefirstwassourcememory ortheabilityto
keeptrackofwhereinformationiscomingfrom.Thesecondwasdestinationmemory ortheabilityto
recallwhowehavegiveninformationto.
Theyfoundthatsourcememoryfunctionsbetterthandestinationmemoryinpartbecauseofthe
directioninwhichthatinformationistravelling.
Tostudythedifferencesbetweensourcememoryanddestinationmemorytheresearchersdidan
experimenton60universitystudentsaccordingtoaNewYorkTimesreport.Thestudentswereasked
toassociate(联想)50random(随意的)factswiththefacesof50famouspeople.Halfofthestudents
"told"eachfacttooneofthefacesreadingitaloudwhenthecelebrity's(名人的)pictureappearedona
computerscreen.Theotherhalfreadeachfactsilentlyandsawadifferentcelebritypictureafterward.
Whenlateraskedtorecallwhichfactswentwithwhichfacesthestudentswhoweregiving
informationout(destinationmemory)scoredabout16percentloweronmemoryperformancecompared
withthestudentsreceivinginformation(sourcememory).
Theresearchersconcludedthatoutgoinginformationwaslessassociatedwithitsenvironmental
context(背景)-thatis theperson-thanwasincominginformation.
Thismakessensegivenwhatisknownaboutattention.Apersonwhoisgivinginformationevenlittle
factswilldevotesomementalresourcestothinkingaboutwhatisbeingsaid.Becauseourattentionis
limited wegivelessattentiontothepersonwearegivinginformationto.
Afterasecondexperimentwithanothergroupof40studentstheresearchersconcl
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