注意:现在分词作定语时表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生.如果两个动作有先有后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而要用定语从句.如:
Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.
①现在分词作定语
A.现在分词作定前置时静感强,而后置的现在分词动感强.如:
Theworkingpeoplearethewisest.
Thefarmersworkinghereareverybusy.
能前置的现在分词为数不太多,常见的大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词,前常有程度副词,有些现在分词甚至还有比较等级.如:
Ihavebroughtveryexcitingnewstoyou.
ThisisthemostexcitingstorythatIhaveeverread.
B.有些现在分词作定语时表示正在发生的动作,这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态.如:
Didyoutellthechildrenplayingtherenottomakeanynoise
Didyoutellthechildrenwhowereplayingtherenottomakeanynoise
TheAmericanpresidentvisitingChinanowwillreturnonSaturday.
TheAmericanpresidentwhoisvisitingChinanowwillreturnonSaturday.
有些现在分词作定语时表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态.此类现在人词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态,而不宜用进行时态.如:Theystayedatahotelstanding(whichstood)bythelake.
Thetemplestanding(thatstood)ontopofthehillwasbuiltintheMingDynasty.